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3GPP Release 16 - RAN features
3GPP Release 16 , finalized in June 2020 , represents 5G Phase 2 , refining the foundation laid by Release 15. It broadens 5G NR capabilities beyond enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), addressing industrial automation , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , V2X , non-public networks (NPN) , and integrated access and backhaul (IAB) . The RAN1–RAN5 workgroups each contributed critical enhancements, detailed below with their technical implications, implementati
Venkateshu
5 days ago4 min read
5G NTN Radio Protocol Enhancements
Introduction The integration of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) into the 5G ecosystem represents a significant evolution, aiming to...
Venkateshu
Sep 239 min read
Timing Advance (TA) in 4G and 5G
Introduction Timing Advance (TA) is a critical concept in 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G New Radio (NR) systems, ensuring...
Venkateshu
Jun 307 min read
5G SA RACH Procedure– A Technical Deep Dive
Introduction The Random Access CHannel (RACH) procedure is the gateway to the 5G Standalone (SA) network. It allows the User Equipment...
Venkateshu
May 228 min read
O-RAN WG4 Open Fronthaul Specifications (CUS and M-Plane) v2.0 to v17.01
Introduction The O-RAN Alliance Workgroup 4 (WG4) focuses on defining open fronthaul interfaces between the O-DU (Distributed Unit) and...
Venkateshu
Apr 297 min read
5G PDCCH: Structure, DCI Formats, Resource Scheduling, and Comparison with 4G LTE
The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) is a cornerstone of 5G New Radio (NR) and 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) systems, serving as...
Venkateshu
Apr 226 min read
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