1.Introduction Cloud and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) for 5G networks represent a fundamental shift in how telecommunication networks are designed and managed. NFV decouples network functions from specialized hardware, allowing them to run as software on standard cloud infrastructure. This virtualization enables 5G networks to be more flexible, scalable, and cost-efficient by leveraging cloud-native principles and automation. It allows operators to dynamically alloca

Case Study – Low throughput issue mitigation Introduction The complexity of today’s telecom networks—driven by 5G’s massive scale, distributed Radio Access Network (RAN) architectures, and virtualized infrastructure—makes operational reliability and proactive fault management both a necessity and a challenge. Static rules and threshold-based monitoring techniques, once the backbone of network assurance, are now insufficient as data velocity, volume, and variety continue to gr

Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are becoming integral to the evolution of 5G Radio Access Networks...

Introduction As the wireless industry looks beyond 5G, 6G networks are expected to revolutionize not only connectivity speeds but also...

Introduction As 6G research gathers momentum, the demand for higher data rates, massive connectivity, and extreme spectral efficiency is...

Introduction We’ve all seen how 5G has transformed the world — faster internet, low latency for gaming, support for smart cities, and...