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Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are becoming integral to the evolution of 5G Radio Access Networks...

Introduction At its core, frequency domain resource allocation involves dividing the available radio spectrum into smaller, manageable...

Introduction Cyclic Prefix (CP) is a crucial component in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems, which are the...

In LTE and 5G NR Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, the gNB extracts specific UE identities from Msg3 to construct Msg4 (Contention...

Introduction The transition from 4G to 5G is not just a generational shift in radio technology but a complete transformation of the core...