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5G NR DM-RS(Demodulation Reference Signals)
1. Introduction DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signals) are UE-specific reference signals in 5G NR that provide essential channel...
Venkateshu Kamarthi
Aug 14, 202511 min read
Cyclic Prefix (CP) in LTE & 5G
Introduction Cyclic Prefix (CP) is a crucial component in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems, which are the...
Venkateshu Kamarthi
Jun 26, 20256 min read
Understanding FFT and IFFT in OFDM
1. Introduction Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a powerful modulation technique used in modern wireless...
Venkateshu Kamarthi
Jun 19, 20254 min read
Understanding and Mitigating PAPR in OFDM Systems
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a cornerstone of modern wireless communication systems, offering robustness against...
Venkateshu Kamarthi
Jun 16, 20255 min read
Understanding HARQ Concepts in 5G
1. Introduction to HARQ HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) is a critical error control method used in wireless systems like LTE and...
Venkateshu Kamarthi
Jun 9, 20253 min read
Contention Resolution in Msg4 during RACH procedure
In LTE and 5G NR Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, the gNB extracts specific UE identities from Msg3 to construct Msg4 (Contention...
Venkateshu Kamarthi
Jun 3, 20254 min read
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) vs. Massive MIMO in 6G
Introduction As the wireless industry looks beyond 5G, 6G networks are expected to revolutionize not only connectivity speeds but also...
Venkateshu Kamarthi
May 9, 20256 min read
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