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1. Introduction In 5G NR, precoding is the mathematical operation that converts the spatial layers of PDSCH data into signals for the available transmit antenna ports / RF chains. Beamforming is what those weighted signals ultimately produce in space. The key relationship is x=Ws where: s∈C^(N_L×1) is the vector of data symbols on the PDSCH layers, W∈C^(N_TX×N_L ) is the precoding matrix, and x∈C^(N_TX×1) contains the signals transmitted through the antenna ports/RF chain