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RAN Intelligence with xApps and rApps
1. Introduction Radio Access Networks are becoming more software-driven, disaggregated, and automation-centric. To handle the complexity of dense deployments, Massive MIMO, spectrum fragmentation, and diverse traffic profiles, operators are moving toward intelligent control loops in the RAN.This is where O-RAN Alliance’s RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) architecture—featuring rApps (non-real time, >1 second) and xApps (near-real time, 10 ms–1 s)—comes into play. These applica

Venkateshu
Nov 2118 min read


O-DU ↔ O-RU Interoperability Troubleshooting (O‑RAN WG4 C/U, S & M Planes)
O-DU ↔ O-RU Interoperability Troubleshooting (O-RAN WG4 C/U, S & M Planes) focuses on identifying and resolving functional and timing mismatches between the Distributed Unit (O-DU) and Radio Unit (O-RU) across the Open Fronthaul interface defined by O-RAN Working Group 4. It provides a systematic approach to diagnosing issues in the Control/User Plane (C/U), Synchronization Plane (S), and Management Plane (M)—the three pillars of inter-vendor interoperability. The guide emph

Venkateshu
Nov 614 min read


CMPv2 and TLS Callhome in O-RAN Fronthaul
Certificate Management Protocol version 2 (CMPv2) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) callhome procedures form the cornerstone of secure...

Venkateshu
Aug 218 min read


O-RAN WG4 Open Fronthaul Specifications (CUS and M-Plane) v2.0 to v17.01
Introduction The O-RAN Alliance Workgroup 4 (WG4) focuses on defining open fronthaul interfaces between the O-DU (Distributed Unit) and...

Venkateshu
Apr 297 min read
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