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What this tool is This tool that turns the rach-ConfigCommon / rach-ConfigGeneric fields broadcast in SIB1 into a visual picture of the actual time–frequency resource grid the UE's PRACH preamble is transmitted on — which resource blocks, which subcarriers, which subframe, slot and OFDM symbols. It's meant for RAN/protocol engineers who want to sanity-check a PRACH configuration, explain the config to someone else, or build intuition for how SIB1 parameters map onto the physi

In 4G LTE and 5G New Radio (NR), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been the undisputed king of physical layer multi-carrier waveforms. OFDM works exceptionally well in static or low-speed environments like homes, offices, and walking speeds. However, as we move toward 6G—where devices communicate on high-speed bullet trains (350+ km/h), in low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites moving at 28,000 km/h, and in autonomous vehicle-to-everything (V2X) swarms—OFDM hits

Overview: A 3GPP-aligned, multi-layer throughput estimation tool covering the full gNB protocol stack from PHY to PDCP. Built for RF engineers, protocol testers, and RAN architects who need quick but specification-accurate numbers without opening a spreadsheet or reading 38.214 line by line. Tool Features 4-layer protocol stack Calculates throughput independently at PHY, MAC, RLC, and PDCP — each with its own overhead model per 3GPP specs, not a single flat deduction. All thr

5G NR Resource Grid Visualizer is an interactive tool that renders the complete time-frequency structure of a 5G New Radio radio frame (10ms) across configurable bandwidths from 5–100 MHz and subcarrier spacings of 15/30/60/120 kHz, automatically computing the correct number of resource blocks per 3GPP TS 38.101. It maps all major physical channels and signals — SSB (PSS/SSS/PBCH), CORESET 0, PDCCH, PDSCH, PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, and both DL/UL DMRS — onto the resource grid at t

1. Introduction Channel coding is one of the most fundamental building blocks of the 5G NR physical layer. It directly determines: Block Error Rate (BLER) Throughput at high MCS Latency predictability UE power consumption Hardware scalability in gNB and UE Unlike LTE, which relied almost exclusively on Turbo codes, 5G NR deliberately replaced Turbo codes with Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes for data channels and Polar codes for control channels. LDPC Coding Chain in 5

1. Introduction The RRC_INACTIVE state represents a fundamental architectural innovation in 5G New Radio (NR), introduced to address critical latency and signaling overhead challenges that plagued LTE networks. In LTE, frequent transitions between RRC_IDLE and RRC_CONNECTED states created substantial network signaling load and introduced latency penalties during service resumption, particularly problematic for modern smartphone usage patterns characterized by frequent sm

Introduction In 5G NR, Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (RNTIs) are pivotal for distinguishing UEs (User Equipments), groups of UEs,...

Introduction What is PUCCH in 5G NR? The Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) in 5G New Radio (NR) is the channel through which the...

Introduction Cyclic Prefix (CP) is a crucial component in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems, which are the...

In a 5G SA network, when the User Equipment (UE) powers on, it must detect, synchronize with, and evaluate a serving cell before...

Introduction As the wireless industry looks beyond 5G, 6G networks are expected to revolutionize not only connectivity speeds but also...

Introduction The Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) is a fundamental component of 5G New Radio (NR) systems, enabling user equipment (UE)...